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Measurements
Ground-based Instruments
Category | Measurement | Instrument | Sponsor |
---|---|---|---|
Radars | Precipitation estimation, hydrometeor classification, 3D wind fields | X-band Scanning ARM Precipitation Radar (XSAPR), 9.6 GHz frequency, dual polarization | DOE ARM Facility |
Precipitation estimation, hydrometeor classification, 3D wind fields | C-band ARM Precipitation Radar (CSAPR), 5.6 GHz frequency, dual polarization | DOE ARM Facility | |
Simultaneous observations of clouds and precipitation over a 15-20 km range, hydrometeor classification, 3D wind fields | ARM Dual-Wavelength (Ka/W) Scanning Cloud Radar, dual radar frequency at 94 and 35 GHz, with polarization | DOE ARM Facility | |
Cloud boundaries in the vertical column, along with radar reflectivity factor (dBZ), mean Doppler velocity, and spectral width | Ka ARM Zenith Radar (KAZR), 35 GHz frequency | DOE ARM Facility | |
Precipitation estimation, microphysics and insight | Ka/Ku band Deployable Dual-Polarimetric Doppler Scanning Radar (D3R) | NASA | |
Light to heavy precipitation in liquid, mixed, and ice phase environments | S-Band Transportable Dual-Polarimetric Radar (NPOL), 2.7-2.9 GHz frequency, dual polarization | NASA | |
Mean vertical velocity and hydrometeor characteristics | 915 MHz Wind Profilers | DOE ARM Facility | |
Precipitating column and retrieving vertical air motion and raindrop size distribution from near the surface to just below the freezing | S-Band/UHF Profiler, 2835 MHz frequency for S-band and 449 MHz for UHF | NOAA-ESRL | |
Vertical velocity | Profiler Network 404-449 MHz Wind Profilers | NOAA | |
Large-scale precipitation, hydrometeor classification | WSR-88Ds | NOAA-NWS | |
Atmospheric moisture and temperature, longwave spectral brightness temperature and radiance | Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) IR | NOAA | |
Lidars | Boundary-layer winds in clear air | Doppler Lidar | DOE ARM Facility |
Cloud base | Micropulse Lidar | DOE ARM Facility | |
Vertical profiles of water vapor | Raman Lidar | DOE ARM Facility | |
Atmospheric State | Liquid water path and integrated water vapor content | Microwave Radiometer, 3 Channel | DOE ARM Facility |
Temperature, pressue, relative humidity, horizontal wind | Sondes | DOE ARM Facility | |
Visible total sky cover | Total Sky Imager | DOE ARM Facility | |
Surface Meterology | Precipitation size distribution | Disdrometers | DOE ARM Facility/NASA |
Particle size and concentration measurements for particles of 0.3-8 mm in diameter (bin resolution of 0.25 mm), axis ratio distribution, and fall-velocity information | 2D Video Disdrometer | DOE ARM Facility/NASA | |
Direct, rainfall amount; indirect, rain rate | Rain Gauges | NASA | |
Surface broadband radiative fluxes, surface latent and sensible heat fluxes, soil moisture and temperature | Energy Balance Bowen Ratio Station (EBBR) | DOE ARM Facility |
NASA ER-2 Payload
Category | Measurement | Instrument | Sponsor |
---|---|---|---|
Radiometer | Precipitation estimation, brightness temperature (10.7, 19.35, 37.1, 85.5 GHz) | Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) | NASA |
Precipitation estimation, brightness temperature (37, 89, 165.5, 183.3 GHz) | Conical Scanning Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (CoSMIR) | NASA | |
Radar | Precipitation profiling, hydrometeor classification, 2D wind fields | High Altitude Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Radar (HIWRAP) Ka-Ku band radar | NASA |
University of North Dakota (UND) Citation Payload
Category | Measurement | Instrument | Sponsor |
---|---|---|---|
Microphysics | Cloud liquid water | King Hot Wire Probe | NASA |
Cloud particle spectra | PMS 2D-C | NASA | |
Cloud Imaging Probe (CIP) | NASA | ||
Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP) | NASA | ||
Cloud Particle Imager (CPI) | NASA | ||
Precipitation particle spectra | High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer (HVPS) | NASA | |
Total water content | Nevzorov Probe | NASA | |
Aerosol | Condensation nuclei | CN counter (10 nm cut) | DOE ARM Aerial Facility |
Aerosol size distribution (60 nm – 1 micron) | Ultra-High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer | DOE ARM Aerial Facility |
External Data Sets and Value-added Products
- Active Remote Sensing of Clouds
- Arkansas-Red Basin River Forecast Center (ABRFC) (gridded rainfall product)
- European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts Diagnostic Analyses (ECMWFDIAG) (model analyses)
- National Centers for Environment Prediction Global Forecast System (NCEPGFS)
- Oklahoma Mes/capabilities/instruments/onet
- SuomiNet Global Positioning System (SUOMIGPS) (water vapor)
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Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) | Reviewed
May 2024